<p>The Lund Grade School, at 30 W Center St. in Lund, Nevada, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1915 and was operated as a school by the White Pine County School District up to 2005.</p><br>
<p>It is a -story, Craftsman-style schoolhouse located in the middle of Lund.</p><br>
<p>The nomination to the National Register was authored by Marion Francis of the Lund Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Russell Sackett House is a single family home located at 1604 Court Street in Saginaw, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lot on which this house stands was owned by a series of land speculators from 1835 to 1895. In 1899, Russell Sackett bought the land and had a home constructed for his family. Sackett was a traveling salesman who settled in Saginaw. After Sackett left, the house was owned by a clothing merchant, the later a real estate agent and a lawyer. The last two owners converted the house for use as an office.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Russell Sackett House is a two-story Queen Anne home with Shingle Style elements. It has irregular massing, with a second story over-hang, extended gable ends, and two-sided bays. Many of the windows have small panes above a larger rectangular panes. Shingle Style elements of the design include a restrained use of ornamentation, and a lower, sweeping roofline. At one time, the house had a large wraparound porch which was removed and replaced with a small pediment roof supported by narrow pillars.</p><br>
<p>The Saginaw City Historic Business District is a primarily commercial historic district located between Michigan Avenue and the Saginaw River, from Cleveland to Van Buren Avenues, in Saginaw, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first development in this area was the establishment of Fort Saginaw in 1822, located near what is now the intersection of Court and Hamilton Streets. The fort was abandoned in 1823, but the site remained in use by traders. Between 1830 and 1850, development spread out along the river bank, with commercial and residential structures along with small lumber mills. By this time, much of the available land on the west side of the river had been developed, and businesses looking for larger parcels turned to the east side. The west side remained the home of smaller businesses, as well as saloons, hotels, and restaurants serving the lumberjacks and other area laborers. Shopkeepers included a heavy concentration of Germanic immigrants.</p><br>
<p>The earliest structures in the district were rough wood buildings, often with Greek Revival. However, a series of fires in the nineteenth century periodically destroyed these wooden buildings, and by 1860 replacement structures were brick, and often three- or four-story Italianate blocks. The structures in the district maintained easy access to the river, as most goods coming to and from Saginaw were transported on the river until nearly 1890.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Saginaw City Historic Business District contains 86 structures, of which 71 contribute to the historic character of the neighborhood. The buildings are primarily commercial in usage, with light industrial buildings located near the river in the southern section of the district. Most of the structures date from the nineteenth century, and reflect the Italianate style popular at the time. Other architectural styles in the district include Queen Anne, Georgian Revival, and Chicago School.</p><br>
<p>Significant structures in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Fordney Hotel (401 Court): Built in 1868 at the site of the old fort, this four story hotel was originally the Taylor House. The hotel closed in 1895, and reopened in 1912 under the name Hotel Fordney after Congressman Joseph W. Fordney.</p><br>
<p>Schuch Hotel (301 North Hamilton): Built in 1868, the Schuch Hotel is a three-story brick Italianate structure. It was originally the Brockway House, and was renamed the Benson House, and later the Crowley House.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Stable (300 South Hamilton): Built in 1882, this was a brick Queen Anne structure that housed a stable and carriage rental facilities at the first floor level and a mortuary at the second.</p><br>
<p>Merrill Building (423 Court): Built in 1892, the Merrill building was a three-story Italianate building. Ippels Department Store moved into the building in 1905 and purchased the building in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Bank of Saginaw Building (400 Court): Built in 1911, this Neo-Classical Revival-style bank was erected by the Bank of Saginaw, founded in 1888. The Bank of Saginaw folded during the Great Depression, and the Second National Bank moved into the building.</p><br>
<p>The South Jefferson Avenue Historic District is a residential historic district located along South Jefferson between Meredith and East Holland, and along East Remington and East Holland between Jefferson and Sheridan in Saginaw, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1893, a major fire destroyed over 250 structures in this area. Residents rebuilt after the fire, resulting in a neighborhood where most of the houses date from the 1890s and early 20th century. These houses were fashionable, representing well-off families of Saginaw&#39;s business and professional classes.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The South Jefferson Avenue Historic District contains 130 structures, of which 121 contribute to the historic character of the neighborhood. Most of these structures date from after the 1893, with only a handful along Holland and Remington Streets pre-dating the 1893 fire. The homes are large and are predominantly Queen Anne and Eastlake styles. Other architectural styles are intermixed, including Italianate, Colonial Revival, Prairie School, Dutch Revival, Chateauesque, Bungaloid, and Mediterranean.</p><br>
<p>Significant structures in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Charles Sommers House (614 E. Holland): This house was originally built in 1865, but was substantially altered after 1900 by Charles Sommers to reflect Classical and Prairie influences. Sommers organized the Sommers Match Company in 1903 with his brother.</p><br>
<p>Henry Passolt House (1105 S. Jefferson): The Passolt House was built in 1868 by Henry Passolt, a Saginaw soap manufacturer. The architect was Ludwig Bode, who designed this house to be as fireproof as possible. The house is a two-story Italianate structure with double brick walls with a lead inner casing and wood floors laid over concrete.</p><br>
<p>Oliver Morse House (708 East Holland): Oliver Morse built this structure in 1874, planning to use it either as a home or as an inn. The house was later sold to tavern owner William Gladsby, then to Lewis Cornwell, founder of the Saginaw Beef Company. It is a two-story Italianate structure.</p><br>
<p>Martin Gale House (1415 Brown): This house was designed by Frederick Beckbissinger in 1912 for lumberman Martin Gale. It is of early Prairie School styling.</p><br>
<p>The South Michigan Avenue Historic District is a primarily residential historic district located along South Michigan Avenue between Lyon and Lee Streets in Saginaw, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Development of this neighborhood began in the 1870s, and progressed slowly and evenly throughout the neighborhood. By 1890, nearly every block had at least one house, and nearly equal numbers of houses were constructed in the periods before 1890, between 1890 and 1900, between 1904 and 1909, and between 1912 and 1919. Residents of the district tended to be wealthy, yet conservative in their tastes, leading to an elegant and restrained neighborhood. Early residents included lumbermen George Stark, Lorenzo B. Curtis, and T.J. Jerome, C.Q. Lee, harness maker Phillip Offergelt, and stable owner Charles Benjamin. In the 20th century, some of the larger houses in the district were converted to office space and other business uses.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The South Michigan Avenue Historic District contains 41 structures, 40 of which contribute to the historic character of the neighborhood. Architectural styles found within the district range from Carpenter Gothic, Italianate, and Queen Anne to Georgian Revival, Dutch Revival, and Bungaloid. The distinct periods of development through the neighborhood, and the uniform pace, gives each block a variation of architectural styles. Much of the district sits on a rise above the river floodplain, giving the neighborhood a hilltop ambiance.</p><br>
<p>Significant structures in the district include:</p><br>
<p>George Stark House (704 S. Michigan): This home was constructed for George Stark in 1874. It is a two-story frame Carpenter Gothic house with Italianate influences. After Stark&#39;s death, the house was used as a health center, rest home, and a group home.</p><br>
<p>619 S. Michigan: This 1874 house is an unusual Italianate structure, combining the Italianate with Greek Revival massing and gable returns and Georgian Revival details of the front porch and the porte cochere.</p><br>
<p>1008 S. Michigan: This house, constructed in 1914, exhibits a transitional design between the earlier Queen Anne style and later Georgian Revival and Bungaloid styles of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The West Side Historic Residential District is a residential historic district roughly bounded by Mason, Madison, Harrison and Lyon Streets in Saginaw, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The West Side Historic Residential District grew up around the location of Fort Saginaw, and the commercial district arising in that area. A few houses were in place by 1850, with another 40 or so added by 1870. Most of the development in the neighborhood occurred between 1870 and 1890, with some additional construction after the turn of the century. The neighborhood contains both larger and smaller houses intermixed; although the original residents were all well-to-do, the very wealthy lumber and land barons lived right next to more modest professionals and craftsmen.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The West Side Historic Residential District contains 349 structures, of which 325 contribute to the historic character of the neighborhood. Nearly all the structures are houses, with only three commercial structures and two churches included. The homes range from simple to ornate, and include Italianate, Queen Anne, and Classical Revival, and Greek Revival residences.</p><br>
<p>Significant structures in the district include:</p><br>
<p>George Bullock House (213 South Granger): This house was built in 1858 for George Bullock, the second mayor of Saginaw City. Bullock died in 1861 and the home was sold to C.T. Brenner, the owner of the Shakespeare Hotel. The house is a vernacular Italianate structure.</p><br>
<p>821 Ames: The house was built in 1867, and is a modest two-story Italianate house.</p><br>
<p>Charles Bauer House (1021 Court): This house was built in 1893 for Charles Bauer, a son of Peter Bauer, a grocer, mason, clothier, and co-founder of Bauer Brothers Clothing. The house is a fine three-story Queen Anne structure.</p><br>
<p>John Stenglein House (803 Adams): This house was built in 1894 for John Stenglein. who owned Saginaw Showcase Company, a retail furniture business. Stenglein first constructed a house at this location in 1854. In 1894 he moved that house to the lot next door (now 809 Adams) and constructed this house in its place. The house is a transitional architectural style, incorporating elements from both Queen Anne and Georgian Revival Styles. It is a three-story frame structure.</p><br>
<p>Edgar Church House (1008 Hancock): This house was built in 1895 for industrialist Edgar Church. It is a large Queen Anne house with brick on the first story, narrow clapboarding on the second story, and fish scale shingling in the gable ends above.</p><br>
<p>Clarence Brand House (129 South Granger): This house was built in 1916 for Clarence Brand, the president of the Brand and Hardin Milling Company. Brand had purchased the house originally at this location, built in 1877, and in 1916 razed it to construct this house. It is a two-and-one-half story Georgian Revival-style home.</p><br>
<p>715 Court: This house was constructed in 1924, and is a fine example of Prairie School building with overhanging eaves, horizontal massing, a low hipped roof, and a stucco exterior.</p><br>
<p>The Wenzel House is a single family home located at 1203 South Fayette in Saginaw, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This house was constructed in 1874 for Mr. Wenzel, a Saginaw harness maker. It was later sold to Harold Sperbeck, who owned it into the 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Wenzel House is a two-story frame Italianate house with bracketed eaves and a pediment breaking the eavesline of each facade. The house has a low-pitched hip roof, with a twelve pane belvedere having an arched roof line in the center of the main roof. A one-story wing is connected to the rear, and has an alcove porch rimmed by dentils. A classically-inspired front porch is a later addition; it has a hipped roof, balustrade, and columns.</p><br>
<p>The Ammi and William Wright House is a single family home located at 207 Garden Lane in Saginaw, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ammi W. Wright was born and raised on his fathers farm in New England. In 1851, he came to Saginaw, and began investing in what was then a frontier town. In 1854, he constructed this house for his family. Over the next two decades, Wright invested in a series of sawmills and other businesses, and his fortunes grew with the fortunes of the city. In 1878, with his wifes health failing, Wright moved to Sarasota, New York, and turned his Saginaw business interestes over to his brother William. William Wright lived in the 1854 home until his death, when it was deeded to his children Harriet and Robert, who also lived there.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Wright House is a two-story, T-shaped farmhouse with elaborate vernacular Italianate detail. It has a tall front tower with a pedimented roofline. Tall one-over-one double hung sash window units have carved enframements. The house also has a bay window, and a front porch with a standing seam metal roof. A small carriage house which was adjacent to the home has been made into a dining room addition.</p><br>
<p>The Bugai Site, designated 20SA215, is an archaeological site located near Bridgeport, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The site was a burial location dating from the Middle Woodland period.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, workers encountered human remains while excavating sand from private property at this site. Amateur archaeologists Leo Purple and Arthur Graves conducted a salvage excavation at the site later that year, and recovered remains of at least 20 individuals. The majority of the burials were bundle burials, containing multiple objects. Purple and Graves donated some of the items to the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropological Archaeology (UMMAA) in 1976, and some to the Chippewa Nature Center in Midland, MI in 1974. In 2006, the Nature Center donated human remains and objects from the Bugai site to the UMMAA.</p><br>
<p>The Fosters Site, designated 20SA74, is an archaeological site located near Bridgeport, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Fosters Site, located beside the Flint River, is the site of a village dating from the Late Woodland period. The village was likely seasonally occupied in the fall and winter. It was excavated in 1967 by researchers from the University of Michigan Museum of Archaeology, who found ceramic shards, triangular weapon points, and fish and plant remains.</p><br>
<p>The Grand Union Hotel is a historic hotel in Fort Benton, Montana. It was built as a luxury hotel prior to the expansion of the railroads to Helena and Great Falls. Construction began in 1881, and it was completed in 1882; the builders included Frank Coombs, W. G. Jones, and others.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by architect Thomas Tweedy in the Victorian style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 2, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Chouteau County Courthouse is a historic building in Fort Benton, Montana. It acts as the county courthouse for Chouteau County, Montana.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the construction of this courthouse, another courthouse was built for the county in 1880. It burned down in 1883, and this courthouse was built by Gus Senieur a few months later.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was designed by Kees & Fish in the Queen Anne architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 29, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Mahoney Site, designated 20SA193, is an archaeological site located near Bridgeport, Michigan, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The site was a Woodland period fall and winter camp.</p><br>
<p>In 1963, human remains representing at least two individuals were removed from site by archaeologists from the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropological Archaeology.</p><br>
<p>The Theodore Buhler House is a historic house in Victoria, Texas. It was built in 1890 for Theodore Buhler and his wife, Katherine Schmidt. Born in Baden, Germany, he emigrated to the United States at a young age and grew up in New Orleans, Louisiana. During the American Civil War, he worked for Cook&#39;s foundry in New Orleans, which made firearms for the Confederate States Army. In the postbellum era, he worked for the railroads and steamships in Louisiana and Texas, and he co-founded the First National Bank of Victoria, the Victoria Loan Company, and the Victoria Building and Loan Company. He died in 1912.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by Danish-born architect Jules Leffland in the Queen Anne architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 9, 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Thomas Forsyth House is the historic home of an early settler of Toquerville, Utah. One of the Mormon pioneers, Thomas Forsyth  built the house circa 1868 and lived there until his death in 1898. He operated mills, dried fruit and stocked the cellar with wine he made himself, while his wife Mary Browett Holmes ran a glove shop. The simple 1½-story fieldstone construction, a hall-and-parlor house extended with a lean-to, is representative of the pioneer period.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 11, 1982, for its historical and architectural connection to "the first effective settlement of Utah&#39;s Dixie."</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The -story house, with a rock basement (a former wine cellar), is made of 1.5 ft uncoursed rubble with cut-stone quoins on each corner. Each floor has four rooms; the hall-and-parlor plan on the front is hidden by a symmetrical, minimally-decorated facade, with an attic door set in a gable to allow large items to be brought up. Two large stone fireplaces remain in the front rooms. The building is extended by an original one-story lean-to on the rear, which served as the kitchen and hosts the staircase to the upper floor.</p><br>
<p>The double-hung sash windows have been removed, along with the third kitchen fireplace, and (around 1915) a porch and balcony that used to run the length of the building. A new window was added in the south wall of the lean-to, and a modern bathroom added to the back of the house. However, the house "retains its historic character."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Forsyth (or Forsythe) was born in Kelso, Scotland, on September 20, 1813. He settled in Port Huron, Michigan, in April 1839; he and his wife Isabella Donald converted to the LDS Church in 1844, and moved to the Mormons&#39; center at Nauvoo, Illinois. They journeyed west to Salt Lake City in 1850, where Isabella died two years later. Thomas married Mary Ann Browett in 1854.</p><br>
<p>By 1865 they had moved to Washington County in southern Utah. He operated a shingle mill and sawmill in what is now called Forsyth Canyon, at the foot of the Pine Valley Mountains, supplying the shingles for the Washington Cotton Factory. But after discovering that five other mill permits had been issued he left for nearby Toquerville. On the Ash Creek he established a new mill at the expense of $4,000, which was however very profitable in some years.</p><br>
<p>Forsyth built his house from fieldstone and Pine Valley lumber processed at his own sawmill. He stocked the cellar with wine of his own making, which was used sacramentally by the Church, and built the first fruit evaporator in southern Utah. Trading dried peaches for buckskins with Indians at Sevier, Mary tanned leather and ran a glove shop (no longer standing). It is said that as soon as the Church denounced the use of wine, Mary went home and cut the pipes in the cellar, draining away the whole supply.</p><br>
<p>On his death in 1898, Thomas left the house to his youngest son Benjamin Henry Forsyth and daughter-in-law Barbara Ann Lamb, who had lived in a smaller building just behind the house. After Benjamins death in 1948 the house was sold and remained in private ownership thereafter, one of the few remaining homes of the pioneer period in Washington County. The Thomas Forysth House was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 11, 1982, with the nomination citing its historical and architectural connection to "the first effective settlement of Utahs Dixie."</p><br>
<p>The Esmond Street Historic District is a historic district encompassing a small residential area in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Centered on a stretch of Esmond Street, the area was developed between 1884 and 1928, and includes a fine sample of Colonial Revival and Queen Anne architecture. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Esmond Street is located in the central Dorchester area known as Franklin Field North, across Blue Hill Avenue from Franklin Park. Esmond Street extends roughly south from Blue Hill Avenue to Harvard Street, and is lined with residential construction. Most of this housing is single and two-family wood frame construction, with some houses also including a 20th-century garage. Stylistically, most of the buildings are Queen Anne or Colonial Revival. There are three brick apartment houses, each with more than 20 units. The only non-residential structures in the district are the former St. Leo&#39;s Catholic Church, a Colonial Revival building dating to 1902, and its associated structures, some of which were originally built as housing.</p><br>
<p>The Esmond Street area was developed in the late 19th century, partly in response to the opening of Franklin Park, part of the citys Emerald Necklace, and Harambee Park, a small neighborhood park to the south. The areas early residents were mainly Catholic Irish immigrants, leading to the construction of the church. This first wave was eventually supplanted by Jewish migration from the inner city to Dorchester in the 1920s and 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The Nampa Depot in Nampa, Idaho, is a former passenger station on the Oregon Short Line Railroad, designed by Frederick W. Clarke. The 1-story, brick and sandstone depot was described in 1972 by Arthur A. Hart, director of the Idaho State Historical Museum, as "an interesting eclectic combination of Romanesque, Renaissance, and Baroque elements, with the latter dominating. A massive central block of French Renaissance form is flanked by two advancing Baroque bays that bulge dramatically forward." The depot was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Soon after the founding of Nampa, a wood frame railway station was opened in 1887 at the connection between the Oregon Short Line Railroad and the Idaho Central Railway. The station quickly became insufficient to manage Nampa&#39;s passenger and freight traffic, and in 1902 a new station was planned.</p><br>
<p>The Nampa Depot opened in 1903, and it operated as a station until 1927 when a new depot was constructed. The 1903 depot was converted to office space for railroad employees in 1927, and it became the Nampa headquarters for the Canyon County Historical Society in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Dodgeville Mill is a historic mill complex at 453 South Main Street in Attleboro, Massachusetts. With industrial history dating to 1809, it is one of the city&#39;s oldest industrial sites. The complex now consists of an accretion of frame and brick buildings, constructed over the 19th and early 20th centuries. Textile production, which included manufacture of Fruit of the Loom branded products, ended at the site in 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.</p><br>
<p>Bridge Number VT105-10 is a historic bridge, carrying Vermont Route 105 across the Missisquoi River in Sheldon, Vermont. Built in 1947 and rehabilitated in 1980, it is the state&#39;s oldest surviving four-span girder bridge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Bridge Number VT105-10 is located just west of the village of Sheldon Junction, which occupies a bend on the north side of Missisquoi River in central western Sheldon. Vermont Route 105, a major roadway that roughly parallels the river in this area, crosses the river in a roughly northeast–southwest orientation. The bridge consists of four spans, mounted on concrete abutments and three concrete piers. The two center spans are each 175 ft, while the approach spans are each 125 ft, giving the bridge a total length of just over 600 ft. Steel stringers support beams on which the concrete bridge deck is laid.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1947, as part of a program by the state to improve deficient pre-World War II structures. It is the fourth road bridge to be located in roughly this location: the first was probably a wooden structure, replaced in 1887 by an iron bridge that was washed away in the state&#39;s 1927 floods. The 1927 replace was also a steel girder bridge, but it was plagued by flooding caused by ice jams which formed between it and the nearby Central Vermont Railroad bridge. It was built by the Marston Construction Company of Somerville, Massachusetts, and was the longest steel girder bridge in the state until 1960.</p><br>
<p>Camp Marbury was a summer camp for girls on Lake Champlain in Ferrisburgh, Vermont. Founded in 1921, the family-run camp operated until 1942, when it closed due to logistical difficulties associated with World War II. The camp property is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The camp property was purchased in 1921 by Mary P. and Henry Dike Sleeper, and Hugh and Helen Worthington. The Sleepers, residents of Northampton, Massachusetts, had previously served as counselors at the Aloha Camp, one of the state&#39;s oldest summer camps. The camp was run by the Sleepers and later their children, serving as many as fifty campers. In addition to water-based activities on the lakefront, the camp offered tennis, riding, and craft programs. The camp was affected by rationing programs during World War II, and closed in 1942. Its fixtures were auctioned off in 1945, although Harriet Sleeper retained a summer residence on the property until her death in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Camp property</h2><br>
<p>The camp occupied 7.3 acre of waterfront property just north of the Basin Harbor Resort. The complex of buildings on the property, built between about 1900 and 1942, are in the Adirondack and Bungalow styles, and included architect-designed structures for the camps use. After Harriet Sleepers death in 1975, the property was subdivided, and is now in three separate individual private ownerships. One of the camp&#39;s buildings, its "Junior Roost", is now on the campus of the nearby Lake Champlain Maritime Museum. Despite the now separated ownership, the camp grounds and facilities remain discernible in the landscape.</p><br>
<p>Carrie Adell Strahorn Memorial Library at the College of Idaho in Caldwell, Idaho, was designed by Boise architects Wayland and Fennell as a 1-story, Neoclassical structure. The building opened in 1926 and served the college as a library until 1967 and the opening of Terteling Library. In 1968 the building was renamed Strahorn Hall, and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city of Caldwell was platted in 1883 by Robert E. Strahorn, and in 1891 the College of Idaho enrolled its first class of 19 students at a location near Strahorn&#39;s home in what is now the North Caldwell Historic District. The college moved to its present campus in 1910.</p><br>
<p>In 1925 Strahorn donated money for construction of the Carrie Adell Strahorn Memorial Library, named in memory of his wife. At the time, the college employed 25 faculty with an enrollment of 500 students. By 1932 the library included more than 10,000 books, and in 1942 the count was 22,000 books.</p><br>
<p>The library was expanded in 1962, and when a new library opened in 1967 Strahorn was remodeled, reopening in 1968 with offices and classrooms under the name Strahorn Hall.</p><br>
<p>Reflecting on the building, a librarian wrote in 1961, "On the day it first opened its doors in 1926 Strahorn Library was already a badly outdated building whose construction violated every theory of library architecture."</p><br>
<p>The Julius A. Wayland House is a historic house in Girard, Kansas. It was built in 1886, and it belonged to socialist publisher Julius Wayland, who committed suicide in the house in 1912. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built by Allen Bros. for John F. Moore in 1886, and it belonged to Sarah Flint from 1893 to 1896.</p><br>
<p>It was acquired by Etta Bevan Wayland in 1896. Her husband, Julius Wayland, was the publisher of Appeal to Reason, a socialist newspaper. He committed suicide in the house on November 11, 1912.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural significance</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed in the Stick/Eastlake architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 21, 1976.</p><br>
<p>The White Mansion, also known as the Asa L. White Mansion, is a historic house built in 1878 in Oakland, California. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 31, 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1878 for Asa L. White (1842–1924), a Canadian businessman who purchased the plot of land from the Remillard Brothers in 1877. The house was designed in the Italianate architectural style.</p><br>
<p>Asa White was nicknamed, "the father of hardwood on the Pacific coast". With his brothers Jacob and Peter, White was the co-founder of White Brothers, a construction subcontractor responsible for many houses in San Francisco. By the 1980s, the White Mansion still belonged to the White family.</p><br>
<h2>Description of the Physical Appearance</h2><br>
<p>Situated on an expansive lot measuring 75 x 128 at the intersection of 6th Avenue and East 17th Street in Oakland, The White Mansion boasts generous setbacks from the street and is encircled by an intricate wrought and cast iron railing marking its property lines. Though the once sprawling gardens to the rear have vanished, a magnificent Magnolia grandiflora stands as a testament to the estate&#39;s original landscaping.</p><br>
<p>This grand frame house stands as a remarkable specimen of the Italianate architectural style prevalent in the East Bay. Exhibiting a blend of formal elegance and romantic allure, its construction around 1878 aligns it with the later phase of Italianate architecture, characterized by a gradual departure from classical ornamentation towards a vertical emphasis reminiscent of late Renaissance Venetian palaces.</p><br>
<p>Crafted entirely from redwood, the house features a decorative scheme adorning its horizontal siding. A six-foot-high basement story of false ashlar supports the siding, which extends to the cornice, accentuated by heavily quoined corners. Windows are embellished with slender colonnettes, topped by cornices with dentil ornamentation. Most windows are 1/1 double-hung, with round-headed first-story windows and segmental arch-headed second-story windows. The deep bracketed cornice, adorned with decorative panels and a dentil course, crowns the structure, while small rectangular double-hung windows punctuate its roofline. The hipped roof completes the ensemble.</p><br>
<p>Dominating the facade is a broad main entrance accessed via wide steps leading to a porch supported by Corinthian columns adorned with cast iron acanthus leaves. A carved grotesque mask serves as the keystone, adding a touch of Mannerist flair. Flanking the porch are panes of windows on the left and a two-story bay window on the right. The secondary facade includes a bay window on the narrow side of the main mass, with a rear ‘wing’ set back from it. A large veranda on the first floor features a balustrade and slender Corinthian columns supporting an arcade, leading to a large door providing access to the house’s core. The second floor is adorned with various single windows and a bay window.</p><br>
<p>After its original construction, The White Mansion underwent modifications, including a rear wing extension approximately a decade later, along with the addition of a sizable parlor adjacent to the dining room. Around 1910, the second story was extended to the rear, accommodating a morning room above the kitchen. Each addition meticulously matched the construction and detailing of the original exterior work.</p><br>
<p>The Oakland Hotel is a historic building in Oakland, California. It was built as a luxury hotel by P.J. Walker in 1912, with investments from businessmen Francis Marion Smith, Edson Adams and W.W. Garthwaite. From 1943 to 1963, it was a hospital for the United States Army and the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. It was subsequently unoccupied until 1978, when it reopened as a retirement home.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed in the Renaissance Revival style by architect Henry Janeway Hardenbergh. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since September 4, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The architectural and historical significance of the Oakland Hotel is notable, as it played a key role in local commerce. Its ground-floor public rooms are richly adorned in the grand hotel style, unique to Oakland and among the city&#39;s most exquisite interior spaces. Designed by Bliss and Faville, a renowned San Francisco firm known for prominent buildings like the St. Francis Hotel and the Bank of California, the Oakland Hotel is distinguished by its U-shaped design, allowing all rooms to have street views and ample natural light due to occupying an entire city block.</p><br>
<p>Between 1912 and 1943, the Oakland Hotel was the leading lodging establishment in the city and one of the most distinguished in the San Francisco Bay Area. It played a crucial role in the city&#39;s commercial expansion and progress.</p><br>
<p>The proposal for the hotel dates back to 1906, prompted by the San Francisco earthquake and fire, which redirected much of the citys commerce to Oakland. This shift presented an opportunity for Oaklands business community, which aimed to position the city as a strong competitor to San Francisco. A grand hotel was deemed crucial for this goal to host important visitors and conventions in impressive surroundings.</p><br>
<p>The Oakland Hotel Company was established in September 1906, with initial funding through $750,000 in stock and bonds, later increased to $3,000,000. Major investors included business figures like F.M. "Borax" Smith, Edson Adams, and W.W. Garthwaite, the latter becoming the hotel&#39;s company president. Retail investors included prominent local businesses such as H.C. Capwell Co., Kahn Brothers, Taft and Pennoyer, and Charlie Jurgens.</p><br>
<p>Originally, Henry Janeway Hardenburgh, famed for designing New Yorks Plaza and Old Waldorf-Astoria and Bostons Copley-Plaza, was chosen as the architect. However, financial setbacks and Hardenburghs travel difficulties led to Bliss and Faville taking over, with Purdy and Henderson of Seattle serving as consulting engineers. Walter Bliss also designed the hotels interior furnishings. The construction contract was awarded to P.J. Walker, and the hotel officially opened on December 23, 1912, with a grand dinner and ball attended by 1,150 guests, including local dignitaries and social elites. The evening featured a special menu and the "Hotel Oakland March" composed by orchestra director Gustave Schultheis.</p><br>
<p>Despite financial challenges that delayed the completion of the upper floors, the hotel became a prominent social hub in the East Bay, hosting significant events like a 1919 ball attended by 4,000 people and conventions such as the California Republican Assembly and the American Legion. Notable guests included Presidents Wilson, Coolidge, and Hoover, Charles Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart, Sarah Bernhardt, and Jean Harlow. Mary Pickford even sold Liberty Bonds at the hotel in 1918.</p><br>
<p>Management issues and the Great Depression led to multiple bankruptcies in the 1930s. The hotel was ultimately taken over by the Army in February 1943 for use as a regional hospital during World War II, with the furnishings auctioned off. Post-war efforts to reopen the hotel were unsuccessful, and it remained a Veterans Administration hospital until August 1963. Since then, the building has been vacant.</p><br>
<p>Sterry Hall at the College of Idaho in Caldwell, Idaho, is a French Renaissance style building designed in 1909 by Boise architects Nisbet & Paradice and completed in 1910. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The College of Idaho was founded in 1891 in what is now the North Caldwell Historic District. After 18 years at that location and another near the Canyon County Courthouse, the college had outgrown its wood-frame buildings and had begun a move in 1909 to property donated by Henry and Carrie Blatchley. The college had secured a $25,000 grant from Andrew Carnegie with a stipulation that an endowment be established and three $25,000 buildings be constructed. Sterry Hall was one of the buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Caldwell Tribune in 1909 listed the purpose of not yet named Sterry Hall, that it "will contain offices and rooms for the teachers, seven recitation rooms, chemical and physical laboratories, library, assembly room with a seating capacity of 450, rest rooms for both boys and girls, manual training room, large store room, shower bath room and a janitor&#39;s room with sleeping quarters."</p><br>
<p>During construction of Sterry Hall in 1909, about 200 students attended the college. New faculty included Miss Merrel Jewel (English and history), Miss Stillman (Latin and English), Miss Elizabeth Parker (drawing and painting), Miss Grace Johnson (music), Mr. John T. Lawlill (mathematics and science), and Mr. Hugh Kingery (science). Returning faculty included Miss Finney, Miss Franklin, Professor Gipson, Professor Kyle, and President Boone.</p><br>
<p>The building is named for Christopher W. Sterry, father of donor Mary Elizabeth (Sterry) Kirkpatrick.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by Boise architects Nisbet & Paradice.</p><br>
<p>The Morseville Bridge is a bridge which formerly carried Burt Road over the Flint River in Taymouth Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. It is the oldest surviving highway bridge in Saginaw County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Taymouth Township, Michigan was established in 1842, and by the 1870s, what is now Burt Road was the major east–west road in the southern section of the township. In the 1870s and 1880s, the small villages of Taymouth and Morseville were established along Burt Road on opposite sides of the Flint River. At the time, there was reportedly a wooden bridge across the river at this site, but it was washed away in 1885. In 1885, the township commissioned the Smith Bridge Company (later the Toledo Bridge Company, and now part of the American Bridge Company) of Toledo, Ohio to construct a replacement bridge out of iron. The bridge was in use until about 2006, when a replacement bridge was constructed to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Morseville Bridge is located slightly north of the current location of Burt Road. The main span is a Pratt through truss structure, running 138 feet eight inches long and 16 feet wide. At each end, there is a steel stringer approach span twenty-nine feet four inches long. The iron Pratt truss span section has eight panels, with built-up posts, top and bottom chords, and transverse floor beams riveted together. The diagonal bracing is constructed of eyebars with pinned connections. The span is supported by steel caisson piers at one end and a concrete pier at the other. The deck of the bridge is made of steel grating, not original to the structure.</p><br>
<p>The Venus House is a historic house located in Opelousas, Louisiana in the United States. The house is named after its former owner and occupant, a free Creole woman of color, Marie Francois Venus. It is one of the oldest houses of its kind in the Lower Mississippi Valley. Today, the house serves as the center piece of the Le Vieux Village.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 22, 1991.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house, built c 1800, is the former home of Marie Francois Venus, a free Creole woman of color. The house was originally located in the small community of Grand Prairie. The house was constructed entirely of mortise and tenon construction. It features bousillage, a natural insulation that was once common in the walls of Cajun and Creole dwellings. It was usually made by mixing mud with spanish moss or animal hair and held into place by a series of wood bars (barreaux), set between the posts, which resulted into the walls.</p><br>
<p>The Hiram D. Scott House, at 4603 Scotts Valley Dr. in Scotts Valley, California, was built in 1853. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Scotts Valley was named after Hiram Daniel Scott, who purchased Rancho San Agustin, including the valley, in 1850 from Joseph Ladd Majors.</p><br>
<p>Hiram Scott built the Greek revival style Scott House in 1853. Situated behind City Hall, it is a Santa Cruz County Historical Trust Landmark and is on the National Register of Historic Places. The house originally stood on Scotts Valley Drive, near where a Bank of America branch is now located.</p><br>
<p>The Kitchi Gammi Club is the oldest incorporated club in the USA state of Minnesota, founded in 1883. Its historic clubhouse in Duluth, Minnesota, was built from 1912 to 1913. In 1975 the clubhouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its state-level significance in the theme of architecture. It was nominated for its fine Georgian/Gothic Revival design by Bertram Goodhue and its superlative craftsmanship.</p><br>
<p>The A.K. Steunenberg House in Caldwell, Idaho, is a 2-story Colonial Revival expansion by Tourtellotte & Co. in 1904 of a smaller Queen Anne house. The 1904 renovation established a 2-story, round corner tower and a colonnade with three prominent columns marking the Kimball Street exposure. The original house at the northwest corner of North 4th and Kimball Streets may have been occupied by the Steunenbergs as early as 1890.</p><br>
<h2>Albert K. Steunenberg</h2><br>
<p>The A.K. Steunenberg House was the property of Albert and Carrie Steunenberg, both of Iowa. Albert K. Steunenberg (September 11, 1863 – March 16, 1907) with his brother, Frank Steunenberg (August 8, 1861 – December 30, 1905), were publishers of The Caldwell Tribune from 1886 until 1893. Al Steunenberg was active in fraternal organizations and helped to found the Caldwell Commercial Bank, later the Caldwell Bank and Trust Co., serving as the bank&#39;s cashier.</p><br>
<p>The Wilbert T. Reed House is a historic house in Auburn, Nebraska. It was built in 1884 for Wilmer T. Reed, a settler from Ohio. Reed became a grocer in Auburn, then known as Sheridan, in 1875, only seven years after the town had been established. His house was designed in the Italianate architectural style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since March 24, 1980.</p><br>
<p>Rock Rift Fire Observation Tower, also known as the Rock Rift Fire Tower, is a historic fire observation station located in the Town of Tompkins, Delaware County, New York. The tower stands at the summit of Tower Mountain at an elevation of and rises above the Cannonsville Reservoir, part of New York City’s extensive water supply system. It was built in 1934 The Rock Rift Fire Tower is also listed on the National Historic Lookout Register of the Forest Fire Lookout Association. Its listing numbers are US 1183, NY 41. The tower was transferred to the Town of Tompkins from New York State Department of Environmental Conservation in 2017. The land that the tower rests on is owned by New York City as part of their West of Hudson Watershed. The tower was decommissioned from active use in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Rock Rift Fire Tower was erected in 1934 by the Civilian Conservation Corps and was first staffed in 1935. It is a 1933 model International Derrick Co. fire tower. A characteristic of the 1933 model is nine individual window panes in each of the cab’s eight windows. One panel of 9 window panes along each side of the cab can be pivoted along its horizontal midline and held open with a notched steel bar attached to the window sash. The 1933 and 1936 design of the International Derrick Fire Towers is arranged so that the flights of stairs, except for the lowest and highest, are oriented from one corner of the tower towards the corner diagonally opposite from it. This differs from the majority of fire towers in New York State. The measured heights of fire towers are given as the vertical distance from the top of the concrete piers to the floor of the observation cab. The Rock Rift Fire Tower is a tower with 97 steps from the ground pad to the cab.</p><br>
<p>New York City seized the hamlet of Rock Rift by eminent domain and evicted its inhabitants and businesses. NYC also did this in Cannonsville, Beerstown, Granton, and Rock Royal for the construction of the Cannonsville Reservoir. The water gates of the reservoir were closed in 1963 and the land on which the former homes, churches, businesses, schools stood were submerged. The reservoir was placed in service in 1965. Many of the homes and businesses of Rock Rift stood above the shoreline of the reservoir and they were also taken. Some of the roads, foundations and front stoops of the structures are still evident. The tower ceased fire lookout operations at the end of the 1988 season and was officially closed in early 1989. At the present time the tower is not safe to climb. The first set of steps has been removed to prevent injury. Restoration of the tower is planned by the Town of Tompkins.</p><br>
<h2>Trail</h2><br>
<p>The Finger Lakes Trail Conference constructed and maintains the trail to the Rock Rift Fire Tower. These trails cross private and New York City reservoir lands. The New York Department of Environmental Protection police patrol these areas and their regulations require permits to park in areas other than designated parking areas and hiking in areas other than designated public access trails. Portions of the trail cross private lands and are closed during big game season.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Fire towers throughout the country are preserved and maintained for use in environmental conservation education, public outreach, and fire prevention education. These goals were always part of the mission of fire tower observers and their support network. The following quote is from the 1932 annual report of the NY Conservation Department.</p><br>
<p>... For the accommodation of hikers all trails leading to observation towers were cleaned and placed in good condition for travel. The popularity of the towers as a destination for vacation hikers results in thousands registering at them each year. The observers through these visitors have excellent opportunities to spread the gospel of care with fire in the open.</p><br>
<p>The Austin North House, also known as The Castle, is a historic house in Billings, Montana. It was built in 1902-1903 for Austin North, his wife née Hattie Swartz, and their five children. North was a native of Iowa and he split his time between Billings and San Antonio, Texas. He was the president of the North Real Estate Investment Company, a real estate, mortgage and insurance company. He died in 1928. By the 1970s, the house was in mixed use, with stores on the first floor and residential apartments on the upper floors.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed in the Medieval style by Link & Haire, a prolific Montana-based architectural firm. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since November 23, 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Hiss Residence  is a mid-century modern home designed by architect, Paul Rudolph. Built as the show home for Sarasota&#39;s Lido Shores neighborhood in 1953, the structure blends international style modernism with indigenous tropical design. It is among the preeminent works of the Sarasota School of Architecture and considered “one of the most remarkable homes of the twentieth century.”</p><br>
<h2>Site-specific modern design</h2><br>
<p>Architect Paul Rudolph was approached by entrepreneur Philip Hanson Hiss III in 1952 to design a prototype home that would serve as a model for his Lido Shores real estate development, located on a small sand-covered spit of land between St. Armands Key and Longboat Key. Hiss was an enthusiastic supporter of mid-century modern architecture. He hoped that a radical new design might “catapult his Lido Shores development into the international spotlight.” Rudolph was launching his own independent architecture practice in Sarasota at the time and was willing to work on the project.</p><br>
<p>Rudolph was aware of Hiss’ interest in site-specific architecture (designed to integrate into its environment) and set to work on a configuration that was at once geometrically modern and in harmony with its locale. The result was a two-story, open-plan box concept, with operable jalousie windows on all sides to facilitate natural ventilation. Over this box was built a large simple frame with a latticed ‘parasol’ (flat umbrella roof) overlaying the house, the rear patio, and the pool. It served as a tropical pavilion, or pergola, creating patterns of shade over virtually the entire property. Rudolph designed this secondary roof to float slightly above the house roof in order to enable air movement and promote cooling.</p><br>
<p>The rectangular house was placed lengthwise on a north–south axis, while the pergola was overlaid lengthwise east–west. This positioning maximized interior light in living areas during the day. Despite its diminutive size (less than 1,500 square feet), the interior plan was a complex combination of transparent spaces and opaque walls, creating both privacy and spaciousness. The 17-foot-high vaulted ceiling, with floor-to-ceiling glass (front and back of the house), framed exterior views of both Sarasota Bay and the Gulf of Mexico from the second-floor bridge and bedroom balconies.</p><br>
<h2>Seeking purity in design</h2><br>
<p>Rudolph had recently opened his own architecture practice after a five-year long partnership with Ralph Twitchell, and was beginning to define architecture on his own terms. This meant a departure from organic modernism in favor of more pristine and geometric design. William Rupp assisted Rudolph with a portion of the drafting of interiors for the Umbrella House. He recalled that Rudolph was obsessed with minimizing vertical supports for the stairs and balconies and hiding tension members and bracing connections on the pergola roof. The focus was on purity of design and not so much on practicality of construction.</p><br>
<h2>Speculative success</h2><br>
<p>Hiss located the speculative house on a curve on John Ringling Parkway, where it would be seen by both passers-by and the press. Within weeks of completion, several thousand people had visited the house, with more than twenty-five thousand touring it in the first year. The project was featured in House & Home, House & Garden, Sarasota Review, Architectural Review, Art and Architecture, and L’Architecture D’Aujourd’hul. It was unanimously hailed as a ground-breaking work of modern architecture. The house was also recognized as a significant technical advancement in forward-thinking passive solar engineering and urban design.</p><br>
<p>Fifty years later, the Umbrella House was recognized by Architectural Digest as one of the most remarkable homes of the twentieth century. The American Institute of Architects designated the Umbrella House as one of the 100 Most Important Buildings In Florida. In 2018, Rudolph&#39;s Umbrella House was included in the book, The Iconic House: American Masterworks Since 1900.</p><br>
<p>The Umbrella House represents one of the earliest and most influential works of the Sarasota School of Architecture movement, and helped pave the way for the development of Lido Shores and the surrounding islands as a hotbed of mid-century modern architecture, that now includes works by Tim Seibert, Gene Leedy, Victor Lundy, Carl Abbott, William Rupp, and Guy Peterson.</p><br>
<h2>Saving the Umbrella House</h2><br>
<p>In 1966, the pavilion roof was blown off the house by Hurricane Alma, and over the following thirty years, the home slowly fell into disrepair. In 2005, the building was partially restored and auctioned as “a piece of art” with no takers. It was eventually sold to private conservators who professionally restored the house to its original 1953 condition, including most of the pergola roof. The conservation effort received several awards, including the AIA Honor Award of Excellence for Historic Preservation (2016) and Florida Trust for Historic Preservation Outstanding Achievement Award (2016).</p><br>
<p>In 2005, inspired by the Paul Rudolph Umbrella House, architect Lawrence Scarpa designed and built his own "Solar Umbrella House". It was recognized by the American Institute of Architects as one of their "Top Ten Green Projects" in 2006.</p><br>
<p>In 2018, the State of Florida Bureau of Historic Preservation nominated the Umbrella House to the USA National Register of Historic Places; the listing was approved in 2019. It has been designated as a historic landmark by the City of Sarasota.</p><br>
<p>The Umbrella House was highlighted as one of fifteen important Paul Rudolph designs to be exhibited as part of the Paul Rudolph At 100 celebration sponsored by the USA Library of Congress (September 18 - November 8, 2018).</p><br>
<p>Architecture Sarasota maintains and supports the Umbrella House through lectures, tours, and other activities, with the goal of preserving it as a landmark work of the Sarasota School of Architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>The Rosedale Odd Fellows Temple in Boise, Idaho, is a 2-story building with a prominent stepped gable. An early example in Boise of cast concrete block construction, the building was designed by Tourtellotte & Co., and it was completed in 1907.</p><br>
<p>The Rosedale Odd Fellows Temple was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The International Order of Odd Fellows was an active fraternal organization in Idaho at the beginning of the 20th century. Boise already included lodge No. 3, organized in 1868, lodge No. 77, organized in 1900, and lodge No. 97, organized in 1902. The Rosedale lodge, No. 102, was organized in 1904 in South Boise, and it was described by the Idaho Statesman as "one of the best equipped fraternal buildings in Idaho."</p><br>
<p>The Pedro Echevarria House at 5605 W. State Street in Garden City, Idaho, is a brick and wood frame Bungalow designed by Tourtellotte and Hummel and constructed in 1920 for Pedro and Maria Echevarria. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>In 2018 a developer proposed building 19 small houses on the site, preserving the Pedro Echevarria House as the community center of a cohousing neighborhood, but the City rejected the proposal as "incompatible with the city&#39;s comprehensive plan."</p><br>
<h2>Pedro Echevarria</h2><br>
<p>Pedro Echevarria (June 5, 1881 – July 22, 1953) was an immigrant from Spain who moved to the Boise area in 1901 and later operated the Big Creek Sheep Co.</p><br>
<p>Echevarria became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1909.</p><br>
<p>The Friedline Apartments in Boise, Idaho, is a Queen Anne style apartment building designed by Ross Cartee and constructed in 1902. The sandstone and brick building features a -round turret at the corner of W State and 14th Streets. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>When the building opened in 1902, it contained eight 2-story apartments, each with six rooms and "neat porticos over the entrance to each pair of houses."</p><br>
<h2>Abraham Friedline</h2><br>
<p>Dr. Abraham Friedline (May 8, 1848 – April 29, 1914) was a dentist who moved to Boise in 1897 and opened the Denver Dental Parlors. He also invested in real estate and mining companies.</p><br>
<p>The Kabetogama Ranger Station District is a historic ranger station complex in Kabetogama, Minnesota, United States. It was built from 1933 to 1941 by the Civilian Conservation Corps  as an administrative center for Kabetogama State Forest, managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Following the establishment of Voyageurs National Park in the 1970s, the Minnesota government finalized the donation of the property to the National Park Service  in 1987. The NPS continues to use the property as one of the four administrative and visitor entrances to Voyageurs.</p><br>
<p>The Kabetogama Ranger Station District contains 10 contributing properties: six buildings (a 1921 patrol cabin, 1935 ranger station/residence, 1935 warehouse, 1936 boathouse, 1936 oilhouse, and a 1937 privy), three structures (a 1933 retaining wall, circa-1936 tramway, and 1936 breakwater and moorage basin), and one site (the circular road system, laid down around 1935). The current Kabetogama Lake Visitor Center was built in 1988 and is considered a non-contributing property to the historic district.</p><br>
<p>In 1993, the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its local significance in the themes of architecture, conservation, landscape architecture, and social history. It was nominated for representing the construction and conservation projects of the CCC during the Great Depression, which provided immediate economic benefits and a lasting legacy embodied in distinctive National Park Service rustic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Jukola Boardinghouse is a former boarding house in Virginia, Minnesota, United States. It was built in 1912, one of many constructed as mining began in the Iron Range and thousands of unmarried men arrived to take work. The name Jukola is Finnish, as it was built for Finnish miners. In 1982 the Jukola Boardinghouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its local significance in the themes of architecture, exploration/settlement, and social history. It was nominated as a well-preserved example of this once-common and essential lodging option in the early years of Iron Range mining.</p><br>
<p>The Building at 900 West Lake Street is a historic building in the Near West Side neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Built in 1886, the building is an example of an industrial loft, a type of multi-story building that multiple companies could use for manufacturing and business purposes. The six-story building has a brick exterior and wooden interior columns, a typical support system for industrial lofts. The building has a commercial style exterior; like many industrial lofts, its formal architecture was meant to attract companies looking for sales and office space. Brick piers span the upper floors of the building, and brick corbelling lines the cornice and the top of the windows on even floors. The first floor features a cast iron storefront with decorative columns.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 12, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Tilden School for Teaching Health operated from 1916 to 1931 as a private residential teaching institution and sanitarium that offered patients an alternative to the standard medical practices of the day. Located in Denver, Colorado, the school was established to teach and promote the medical theories of its founder, Dr. John Henry Tilden.</p><br>
<h2>Doctrine</h2><br>
<p>Tilden believed that toxemia, the build up of toxins and waste in the body, was “the universal cause of all diseases”. He believed that only a strict adherence to his dietary principles, a prudent lifestyle and proper hygiene would restore health and cure all illness. Tilden&#39;s techniques taught at the school included fasting, prescribed menus of carefully balanced food combinations, restrictions and rules on liquid intake, the necessity of fresh air and sunshine, colonic cleansing, rest and the elimination of stress both mental and physical. His philosophy of the body healing itself rather than outside interventions such as drugs or surgery foreshadowed modern naturopathy.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tilden promoted his school and views through lecture tours, books, articles and a series of journals under the titles A Stuffed Club (1900 - 1915), Philosophy of Health, The school was advertised as the place "where thousands Hopelessly Ill get well without drugs, serums or surgery."</p><br>
<p>The Tilden School for Teaching Health attracted patients from all over the country and world including Canada, Great Britain and Australia. It offered furnished apartments for its patients to learn to take care of themselves and practice the Tilden techniques for healthy living. As many of his patients stayed for extended periods of time, the school&#39;s architecture and grounds were designed to invoke more of an ambiance of a residential apartment complex as opposed to a traditional medical facility.</p><br>
<p>Summer months were the busiest for the school as patients were attracted by the pleasant summer Colorado climate. For those who could not travel to the school, Tilden offered his consultation and prescribed diets via mail for $50 per month.</p><br>
<p>Tilden was involved in the operation of the school until 1924 when he sold most of his interest in the enterprise to Arthur Vos, Andrew Jergens (heir to the Jergens Soap Company fortune) and Frank C. Adams for $150,000. It is unclear if this is when the name was shortened to the Tilden Health School. In December 1924, after a falling out with the new owners, Tilden parted ways with the school and in 1926 opened a new operation in east Denver called the Tilden Health Institute. He operated the Institute until his death in 1940.</p><br>
<p>Vos operated the Tilden Health School until 1931, when the effects of the Great Depression forced its closure. Vos&#39;s son, Arthur Vos, Jr. was appointed receiver of the property by the Denver District Court.</p><br>
<p>Eventually the campus was divided up and sold to separate entities.</p><br>
<h2>The Tilden School for Teaching Health Historic District</h2><br>
<p>The five buildings that made up the Tilden School for Teaching Health include the Bosler- Yankee House Administrative Building, the Patient Apartments Building, the Main Building, the Clinical Building and the Garage. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 7, 1995 as the Tilden School for Teaching Health Historic District. The Bosler-Yankee House Administrative Building, the Patient Apartments Building, Main Building and associated grounds were designated Denver&#39;s 56th Historic District by a unanimous vote of Denver City Council on December 16, 2019.</p><br>
<h3>The Bosler-Yankee House Administrative Building</h3><br>
<p>The Bosler-Yankee House Administrative Building is located at 3209 West Fairview Place. It was designed and built by architect John G. Weller in 1882 as a single family house for Ambrose Bosler, a North Denver pioneer who made his money in the ice trade. It is a rare example of a late Victorian Italianate style residence in North Denver. It occupies what would become the Southeast corner of the Tilden School campus.</p><br>
<p>In 1890, Ambrose Bosler sold the house and the 6 lots to William Henry Yankee for $25,000. Yankee was born in 1840 in Sedalia, Missouri and moved to Denver in 1859. He enlisted as a 2nd lieutenant in the 23rd Missouri Volunteers for the Union. After being injured in the war, he resigned his commission and was discharged at the rank of Colonel. Eventually Yankee returned to Colorado and made his fortune in mining.</p><br>
<p>In 1901, the Aetna Real Estate and Investment assumed ownership of the property. In October 1914, Tilden purchased the home and the 6 lots from Aetna. The home became the Administration Building for the Tilden School for Teaching Health.</p><br>
<p>After the Tilden School closed in December 1931, the Bosler - Yankee House reverted to residential use. The house and the main building were purchased by Maude Offield in 1944. In 1946, the house was separated from the campus when it was purchased by Lorna Smith. Just 6 months later, the house was sold to Kenneth P. Morris and his mother Gladys Morris. City Directories suggest that in the years following Mr. Morris&#39;s death in November 1968, subsequent owners appeared to have rented the house out during much of the time up to the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The Bosler - Yankee House was designated an individual Denver Landmark (number 153) in 1984.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, the house was purchased by Mr. Keith Painter. Due to an extended conflict with city hall over roof alterations and property rights, the Bosler - Yankee house fell into neglect. In May 2013, the City of Denver listed the building on the official Neglected & Derelict Building List. A $999 a day fine was levied for each day of inaction. The Bosler - Yankee House was foreclosed on by the City of Denver in May 2015 and subsequently purchased by Steve and Jan Davis in March 2016. With grants from the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the Colorado Historic Fund to fund structure assessment and rehab design, the house underwent an extensive rehabilitation from 2016-2018.</p><br>
<h3>The Patient Apartments Building</h3><br>
<p>The Patient Apartments Building was the first of the five buildings to be designed and constructed specifically for the Tilden School. It was built in 1916 and is located north of the Bosler-Yankee House Administration Building at 3279 Grove Street. It was designed by prominent Denver architect Harry W.J. Edbrooke. The Patient Apartments Building featured fully furnished apartments where patients could reside while learning Tilden&#39;s techniques to restore health.</p><br>
<p>After the Tilden school closed in 1931, the Patient Apartments Building became Highland Park Apartments.</p><br>
<h3>The Main Building</h3><br>
<p>The Main Building at 3249 West Fairview Place is the largest structure erected on the Tilden School for Teaching Health campus. The red brick craftsman style influenced structure was constructed in two stages. The eastern U-shaped part of the building was built in 1919 with the western L-shaped addition built in 1921 giving the building its E-shaped form. Both sections were designed by Architect Harry W.J. Edbrooke.</p><br>
<p>The spine of the E is approximately 266-foot-long and 27 feet wide. The wings project 53 feet out from the spine and are 38 feet wide. The wings are separated by 76 feet. The original building footprint is approximately 13, 225 square feet and contained as many as 100 separate patient rooms, a lecture hall, dining hall, sun rooms, and other support spaces.</p><br>
<p>For a short time in the 1930s, the Main building was used to house 250 indigent elderly men by the Denver Emergency Relief Committee. From 1934 to 1939, it housed the Highland Park Hospital. From 1940 to the early 1970s it was the home of the Offield Convalescence Home. In the 1970s & 1980&#39;s the building was occupied by Carefree Guest Home and Highland Living. In 1995, plans began to convert the main building into 36 condo units under the name of Fairview Place Residences/Fairview lofts and demolition of interior non bearing walls began. Attic space was converted to living space with the addition of dormers, entrances were changed and two exterior stair landings and an elevator tower were added.</p><br>
<h3>Clinical Building</h3><br>
<p>The Clinical Building is located at 3289 Grove Street and was also designed by Harry W. J. Edbrooke and erected by the Kirchhof Construction Company in 1923. The classical revival style building was never equipped or furnished for clinical use and patients never lived there. It did house Arthur Vos and his family on the second floor when Vos operated the School from 1924 to 1931.</p><br>
<p>The building is a three-story hipped roof structure composed of red and dark brown brick on the forward portion of the building and less expensive brick on the side elevations toward the rear and the back. It features a central, rounded, two story portico composed of round columns and squared engaged columns with Corinthian capitals.</p><br>
<p>When the school closed, the clinical building remained vacant until 1935 when Highland Park Infirmary located there. From 1936 to 1938 the Industrial Clinic Hospital occupied the building. The Adult Blind Home occupied the building from 1940 to the early 1980s. The building is now used as a retirement and an assisted living facility known as Heather Grove.</p><br>
<h3>Garage</h3><br>
<p>The three car garage behind the Patient Apartments Building was the last building constructed while the Tilden School was in operation. The one-story brick building was constructed in 1924 with a gabled roof with overhanging eaves and exposed rafters. The garage has three sliding wooden garage doors on the southern elevation and one door on the eastern elevation. The rear of the building housed a tool room.</p><br>
<h3>Grounds</h3><br>
<p>When in operation, the grounds of the Tilden School for Teaching Health were landscaped with walking paths, a formal garden, a fish pond, and a flower garden that provided patients with fresh flowers. The wrought iron street lamps lining the property featured customized globes bearing the name "Tilden". Many of the trees that were planted during the School&#39;s operation have grown to maturity and still can be seen on the grounds.</p><br>
<h3>Location</h3><br>
<p>The Tilden School for Teaching Health was located in the Highland Park subdivision of Denver, Colorado USA. It consisted of five buildings on approximately 3.5 acres of land. The campus encompasses most of the block bounded on the north by West Highland Park Place (formerly known as West Bosler Place), on the east by Grove Street (formerly known as Roxburgh Court), on the south by West Fairview Place and on the west by Irving Street. It was located in the area known as North Denver. Latitude: 39.7616667 Longitude: -105.0266667 GNIS ID: 2113213</p><br>
<p>The St. Alphonsus Hospital Nurses Home and Heating Plant/Laundry in Boise, Idaho, are two buildings designed by architects Tourtellotte and Hummel in 1920 and completed in 1921. Included are a 4-story, brick and sandstone residence for nurses and a 1-story, brick and sandstone heating plant which supplied not only the residence but St. Alphonsus Hospital  and St. Teresa&#39;s Academy . The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The nursing staff at St. Alphonsus Hospital was affiliated with Sisters of the Holy Cross, and many nurses had taken vows of celibacy and poverty, hence a need for residential provisions.</p><br>
<h2>Nurses&#39; Home</h2><br>
<p>The building included a reception room and parlor, library, lecture hall, swimming pool, gymnasium, two sun porches and three sleeping porches. A superintendent&#39;s apartment and 75 bedrooms, three with private bath, were constructed on the first through fourth floors. The basement included two dining rooms, a kitchen, and a pantry. The building accommodated 100 nurses and student nurses.</p><br>
<p>Both the residence and the heating plant were later acquired by the State of Idaho. The nurses&#39; home was converted to office space for the Idaho Commission for the Blind and Visually Impaired, and the heating plant became a storage space.</p><br>
<p>Cortez High School, at 121 E. First St. in Cortez, Colorado, was built in 1909 and operated as a school until 1968.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<p>It was Cortez&#39; old high school, most recently Calkins Jr. High School. It became a junior high school in 1946 when Montezuma-Cortez High School opened.</p><br>
<p>Its National Register nomination document was not available during government shutdown in January 2019.</p><br>
<p>The Bauer Bank Block, at 107 W. Grand Ave. in Mancos, Colorado, was built in 1905. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>It was home of the Bauer Bank, founded in 1886.</p><br>
<p>It is Early Commercial in style and is 84x35 ft in plan. It has also been known as Bauer Bank Building.</p><br>
<p>Its second floor was the first administrative headquarters for Mesa Verde National Park, during 1907 to 1911.</p><br>
<p>A portion of the building served as USA post office from 1927 to 1965.</p><br>
<p>The Robinson and Swan Blocks are a pair of mixed commercial-residential buildings at 104-108 Pleasant Street and 1-3 Irving Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built about 1884 to nearly identical designs by Fuller & Delano, the buildings are well-preserved examples of Victorian Gothic architecture executed in brick. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, but due to administrative lapses, are not listed in its NRIS database.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Robinson and Swan Blocks are located two blocks west of downtown Worcester, at the southeast corner of Pleasant and Irving Streets. Both buildings are brick structures, three stories in height. The two buildings are virtually identical in their designs, except for the treatment of the ground floor street facades. The Robinson Block, which faces Pleasant Street, is five bays wide, with storefront display window bays flanking a recessed center entrance on the ground floor. The center and outer bays of the upper floors project slightly, and the building is crowned by a corbelled brick cornice. The center bay has two windows, topped on the second floor by shouldered brownstone lintels, while the outer bays have single windows with similar lintels; the third-floor windows in these bays have segmented-arch tops. The Swan Block, facing Irving Street, differs in having a more residential treatment of the ground floor, with sash windows flanking a more elaborate entrance.</p><br>
<p>The property on which the blocks were built housed the residence of George Swan, a lawyer. In 1884, Swan had these two building erected on the lot, retaining the local architectural firm of Fuller & Delano to design them. He sold the Robinson Block to physician Joseph Robinson the following year. Each used their building to house both their professional offices and their residences; there is evidence that both also had a second residential unit that may have been rented out.</p><br>
<p>St. Alphonsus Hospital was a three-story, French Renaissance style building in Boise, Idaho, designed by architect J.K. Hollowell in 1893. Completed in 1894, the hospital was part of a small group of buildings constructed by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Boise that included St. Teresa&#39;s Academy .</p><br>
<p>Located at Fifth Street between State and Washington streets, the hospital building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, soon after it became slated for demolition. It was delisted shortly thereafter in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A hospital had been discussed in Boise City earlier than the 1890s, and Bishop Glorieux of the Catholic Diocese had indicated as early as 1891 that a hospital would be constructed under his supervision. St. Alphonsus Hospital opened in December 1894, under direction of five nurses of the Sisters of the Holy Cross, and it became the seventh hospital controlled by the order. The building&#39;s first floor was complete, but the second floor was only partially complete, and the third floor remained unimproved. The first floor contained a six-bed wardroom, an operating room illuminated by sunlight, a smoking room, a drug room, and a dining room with kitchen. The Idaho Statesman said of the wardroom, "so neat and cozy, one would almost wish to be ill in order to have the privilege of using it."</p><br>
<p>During 1895, the hospital received 107 patients, and of the total, 78 were cured, 11 improved, and 14 died. Local doctors had treated patients at the building, but in 1896 the hospital acquired a staff of physicians and surgeons. The staff included Major M.W. Wood, Dr. R.M. Fairchild, Dr. C.L. Sweet, Dr. W.D. Springer, Dr. George Collister, Dr. D.W. Figgins, Dr. L.C. Bowers, Dr. H. Ziph, and anaesthetist Dr. W.H. Schuyler.</p><br>
<p>Two blocks east of the state capitol building, the hospital was purchased by the State of Idaho in 1971 to be converted to office space, but after several arson fires during renovation in 1976, it became unsafe and was razed to provide space for a new state office building. Completed in the late 1970s, the replacement ten-story building was named for longtime Secretary of State Pete Cenarrusa in 1998; its address is 450 West State Street, facing the Idaho Supreme Court.</p><br>
<p>The hospital moved about 3 mi west in 1972 to its present site on Curtis Road, just south of I-184. Boises other hospital, St. Lukes, was founded by the Episcopal Diocese of Idaho in 1902 and is located several blocks southeast of the Cenarrusa building.</p><br>
<p>The State Street Bridge, also known as the Fort Road Bridge or the Bridgeport Bridge, is a bridge carrying State Street  over the Cass River in Bridgeport, Michigan, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A series of bridges crossing the Cass River were constructed near what is now Bridgeport, starting in about 1841 with a crossing on the federal turnpike a few miles southeast. By the 1870s, a bridge was constructed about a half-mile south of the current location. In about 1886, a timber bridge was constructed at the current location and the road rerouted along the west side of the river to connect to the site of the previous bridge. However, by the turn of the century this timber bridge had deteriorated. In 1906, a portion of the bridge was destroyed by floating debris, and subsequent inspection revealed that the support pilings were rotted through. The township approved a bond issue, and later that year hired the Joliet Bridge and Iron Company to construct a new bridge.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was completed later that year, and served as the only access to Bridgeport from the south until 1958, when a new bridge was constructed to the south. The bridge was abandoned by Saginaw County in 1969 and reverted to Bridgeport Township. It was closed to highway traffic in about 1972 and converted to pedestrian use.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The State Street Bridge is a two-span, steel, Pratt Through Truss bridge with pinned connections. Each span is 126 feet long, and is supported by concrete abutments on each end and a steel I-beam on concrete piers in the center of the river. The center I-beam replaced an original large concrete pier which was destroyed by ice in 1927. Each span is identical, and consists of eight panels. The upper chords are made of two channels with cover plates above and lattice below. The vertical posts are made of two channels connected by lattice bracing connecting them on both sides. Struts connecting the posts are made of back-to-hack angles connected by lattice bracing. The bridge deck is of wood plank, and is supported by steel stringers which are in turn supported by I-beam girders. Two sets of channels form a guardrail on each side. At each end of the bridge is a plaque stating: "1906 / BUILT BY / THE JOLIET BRIDGE / & / IRON CO / JOLIET ILL"</p><br>
<p>Bliss Park is a park located at the southwest corner of Houghton Street and North Michigan Avenue in Saginaw, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The section of land where Bliss Park is now located was once part of a tract owned by Louis Campau, the first white settler in the area. Campau purchased it in 1822, but in 1826 left the area to become one of the founders of Grand Rapids, Michigan. The property remained in the Campau family and undeveloped for some 80 years. The property became an unofficial common ground for residents of Saginaw, and was used for recreation and other purposes. Notably, it was used during the Civil War as a drilling ground for the 29th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and for various Civil War reunions afterward.</p><br>
<p>In 1903, Aaron T. Bliss (then governor of Michigan) purchased the land for this park from the Campau family and donated it to the city of Saginaw. In 1904, the Saginaw Board of Public Works hired landscape gardener E. C. Foster of Kalamazoo, Michigan to design the landscaping for the park. However, those plans were deemed unsuitable, and in 1906 the newly created Board of Park and Cemetery Commissioners hired Cottage Gardens Company, Inc., of Queens, New York to complete plans. The company created an open plan that retained many of the natural features that Saginaw residents valued. Much of this plan was implemented that year, with more the next. In the first few years of the 1910s, monuments were placed in the park.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, Bliss Park was significantly renovated with assistance from the Work Projects Administration. Renovations included a new shelter house, parking lot, and changes to the landscaping. Bliss Park remained in use through the rest of the century without major changes.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Bliss Park is a small trapezoidal park, covering about 13 acres. It consists of five distinct areas: a broad open recreation ground, a smaller open playfield, a wooded picnic grove, a ceremonial garden/plaza area, and a parking area. The recreation ground and playfield are open areas lined with trees. The picnic area covers much of the park surface, and has a number of large hardwood trees for shade. Monuments within the park provide focal points. The parking area is to the south, and a semicircular garden/plaza to the west. The plaza has small trees and flowers. The park lies across the street from one of Saginaws main medical centers, Covenant HealthCare, providing a place for the hospital staff to relax in between shifts, and the hospitals heliport for their air ambulance service in LifeNet of Michigan, and for the Survival Flight helicopter from the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor.</p><br>
<p>The Ninth Street Bridge in Boise, Idaho, also known as the Eighth Street Bridge, crosses the Boise River and is a 2-span, pin-connected Pratt through truss design constructed by the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co. and completed in 1911. Each span is 160 ft and includes six full panels and two end panels, supported by concrete piers at each end and midway in the river. Laced channel sections with cover plates form the upper chords, with eyebars on the lower chords. Eyebars with turnbuckles form the diagonals. The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1864 the Board of Commissioners of Boise County, Idaho Territory, granted John McLellan and William Thompson a license to operate a ferry across the Boise River at a point on the Oregon Trail near the current location of the Ninth Street Bridge. The McLellan Ferry operated until 1868, when McLellan and Thompson hired flour mill owner H.P. Isaacs to build the Boise City Bridge.</p><br>
<p>In 1911 the old Ninth Street Bridge was moved approximately 12 miles to span the Boise River along the Boise and Interurban Railway line at what is now Linder Road in Meridian, and the Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co. built the new Ninth Street Bridge. The Boise Railroad Company secured rights to operate a streetcar across the Ninth Street Bridge in November, 1911, and the bridge became part of the South Boise Loop.</p><br>
<p>In 1912 a 10-pound box of dynamite was left on a pier under the bridge, but police uncovered no plan for demolition.</p><br>
<p>The middle pier under the bridge was fortified in 1926 with 600 tons of rock to repair damage caused by the Boise River. In 1928 engineers repaired the center pier again after discovering what the Idaho Statesman termed "vast caverns and yawning spaces" in the center support, when the block of concrete was found to be "hanging from the steel work just like a ring from a Spanish dancer&#39;s ear lobe."</p><br>
<p>By the 1960s, engineers had concluded that the truss bridge should be replaced. In 1987 a new Ninth Street Bridge was constructed directly west of the truss bridge, and the old bridge became a route for pedestrian and bicycle traffic.</p><br>
<p>The Idaho State Forester&#39;s Building, also known as The Cabin, in Boise, Idaho, is a -story log cabin designed by Boise Payette Lumber Company architect Hans C. Hulbe and constructed in 1940 by round-log artists John Heillila and Gust Lapinoja. Logs for the cabin are peeled Engelmann spruce with full dovetail notch and oakum chinking. Inside paneling on office walls includes yellow pine, white pine, and western red cedar, and all of the wood came from Idaho forests and was donated by lumber companies with business interests in Idaho. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1907 legislators in Idaho began to consider creation of a state forester who would be responsible for public safety and policy enforcement in Idaho&#39;s forests. Legislation again was considered in 1921 and in 1924, and finally in 1925 the legislature approved a bill establishing the position of state forester. Ben E. Bush, an agent of the state land board, became the first state forester in Idaho, and he served until 1933. Bush was also the brother in law of Senator Borah.</p><br>
<p>Although the state foresters office had been established in Coeur dAlene, a second office was opened in 1935 in the Capitol Building in Boise. The Capitol office was open only while the legislature was not in session, and when Franklin Girard became state forester, his Boise office moved eight times in three years. As a result of frequent relocations, Girard established the Idaho State Forester&#39;s Building in 1940.</p><br>
<p>The cabin required 44 logs, each 55 feet long and one-foot diameter, and after the logs were cut and set, the cabin walls were given time to cure to prevent warping. Most of the materials were donated, and the Civilian Conservation Corps provided most of the labor.</p><br>
<p>The cabin was occupied in 1940 by the state forester&#39;s office, later the State Forestry Department, and it provided office space for the Soil Conservation Corps until 1990, when the building was acquired by the City of Boise.</p><br>
<p>A lease agreement with the city allowed the Log Cabin Literacy Center, later known as The Cabin, to hold meetings at the building in 1995 until the present.</p><br>
<h2>Boise Public Library Expansion</h2><br>
<p>In 1973 the main library of the Boise Public Library system renovated and occupied the Salt Lake Hardware Company warehouse adjacent to the Idaho State Forester&#39;s Building. In 2018 a proposed expansion of the main library included a plan either to demolish or to move The Cabin. In November, 2018, the Boise city council voted to move The Cabin to Julia Davis Park to allow room for expansion of the library.</p><br>
